Sources & Methodology ✕
Crude Volumes & Carbon Intensity (2024)
California Air Resources Board (CARB), Low Carbon Fuel Standard — "Calculation of 2024 Crude Average Carbon Intensity Value," Dec. 23, 2025. Table 2: 2024 Refinery Crude Supply (volumes & CI by source).
CI values from Table 9 of the LCFS Regulation (CCR title 17 §95480–95503), based on OPGEE 3.0b oil-field data.
CA-produced crude volumes: CA Dept. of Conservation, WellSTAR Data Dashboard.
Federal OCS volumes: Bureau of Safety & Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), Pacific Production.
Refined Fuel Imports (2024–25)
Country-level finished-gasoline / blendstock volumes: Vortexa & Kpler vessel-tracking data, as reported by OPIS, Bloomberg, and Reuters (2025–26).
U.S. EIA — PADD 5 gasoline-import data; American Petroleum Institute PADD 5 charts.
Context: CA Energy Commission, 2024 Transportation Fuels Assessment.
Shipping Routes & Distances
Distances are routed great-circle sums (in nautical miles) along sea lanes through real chokepoints — Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca / Singapore, Cape Horn, Bosphorus & Gibraltar — to the LA / Long Beach port complex.
Tanker-size routing constraints: U.S. EIA (Panama Canal & Strait of Malacca vessel-size limits); S&P Global (Neopanamax draft limits). VLCC/ULCC crude carriers cannot transit the Panama Canal fully laden, so Atlantic-basin crude rounds Cape Horn.
Nautical-mile basis: NGA Pub. 151 (Distances Between Ports) methodology; 1 nm = 1.852 km = 1.15078 statute mi.
Routes are grouped by exporting country and represent typical commercial sea lanes for the dominant tanker class; they are planning-grade estimates, not exact charter distances. Refined-fuel volumes are approximate and reported by country of origin, not by individual refinery. Map compiled by the Responsible Energy Council for the KnowOil project · data current to early 2026.